The COVID-19 pandemic and its skin effects.

OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature on cutaneous diseases associated with the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to provide a general overview for family physicians of dermatologic presentations associated with COVID-19. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Google Scholar and PubMed searches were conducted using the terms COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, dermatology, livedoid, chilblain, urticaria, maculopapular, Kawasaki's, and related synonyms. Additional terms were personal protective equipment (PPE), hand hygiene, and psychosocial factors affecting skin diseases. Only English-language literature was reviewed. Evidence ranged from levels I to III. MAIN MESSAGE: Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a range of cutaneous presentations through direct infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, such as maculopapular, vesicular, pseudo-chilblain, livedoid, necrotic, urticarial, and Kawasaki-like rashes. Indirect presentations secondary to behavioural modifications are associated with use of personal protective equipment and sanitization procedures. Furthermore, psychosocial factors and stress associated with the pandemic also exacerbate pre-existing skin conditions. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased rates of dermatologic conditions through direct infection, behavioural changes, and association with psychosocial factors. As the incidence of COVID-19 increases, family physicians should be well equipped to diagnose and manage dermatologic presentations as they change within the context of the pandemic.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Use of Biologics in Patients With Psoriasis [Formula: see text].

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has rapidly spread worldwide and has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Patients with altered immunologic function are at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19. In patients with psoriasis, inhibition of select pro-inflammatory cytokines through the use of biologic agents has been shown to be an effective treatment option. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have key immunomodulatory effects and are known to be involved in the hosts' immune response to a variety of viral infections. Though little is currently known about the role of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19, early reports have shown patients with severe disease to have elevated serum levels of select inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. This review will summarize key information that is currently known about COVID-19, the role of select cytokines in viral defense, and important considerations for patients with psoriasis using biologic agents during this pandemic. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to discontinue biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis who have not tested positive for COVID-19. The decision to pause biologic therapy should be considered on a case-by-case basis in patients in higher risk populations, and should take into account individual risk and benefit. Until more is known about the impact of biologic therapy on COVID-19 outcomes, we recommend patients with psoriasis who test positive for COVID-19 be instructed to discontinue or postpone biologic treatment until they have recovered from infection.